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Diseases and immunisation for African travel
Diseases of many kinds are rife in parts of Africa, particularly in certain sub-Saharan African countries. Often spoken of as “the forgotten continent”, years of neglect from developed world governments and an exploitative global economic structure have left Africa with poor infrastructure. With Africa being seen as such an exciting travel experience, fear of contracting severe or fatal illness can be a major hindrance. Immunisation courses are sometimes not suggested but expected (with certification required after leaving an infected country to prove that you are not putting others at risk). Cholera and Yellow Fever are two diseases that you must obtain vaccination for and some African countries will require you to show an International Certificate to prove immunisation. Unfortunately, vaccination is not always completely effective, and it is wise to ensure that you will have medical cover if and when you need it.
Most medical providers in Africa will not accept payment via your insurance company. You must cover the cost of treatment yourself and be reimbursed at a later date, so it is important to take out as reliable an insurance policy as possible, ensuring that you can be certain of effective cover. Filing a claim after the event means that you must be certain that the circumstances are recognised by your insurer. It is vital that you use a registered medical care provider and that your insurance policy covers you for re-entry to your home country (repatriation costs). Your insurance should fully cover you for a host of costs, including delayed flights, theft and medical bills most importantly (which will be expensive should you opt for private care instead of the state hospital).
Before you travel, you will need to speak to your doctor about immunisation against the following illnesses:
- Cholera: Customs officials at some borders will insist that you show proof of vaccination
- Yellow Fever: Evidence of vaccination required
- Diphtheria: Vaccination, which lasts ten years, should be considered
- Hepatitis A: Africa is high risk; all travellers should get a vaccination or take a course of Gamma globulin
- Hepatitis B: Can be contracted through medical procedures (contaminated blood) and sexual activity
- Meningitis: This occurs in many African countries and may strike in an epidemic
- Polio: Either orally (mouth drops) or via vaccination.
- Tetanus: All travellers should be immunised. Lasts for ten years
- Tuberculosis: A major risk in sub-Saharan Africa
- Typhoid: A risk across Africa. Intravenous and oral immunisation available
- Rabies: Only a major risk if you are likely to be in contact with animals
Malaria medication and other treatment
It’s a good idea to pack a well-stocked medical kit, taking particular care to include things that you may take for granted but that will not be readily available in Africa. The kit should contain the following: Malaria tablets (speak to your doctor about this), aspirin, a course of antibiotics, diarrhea medication as well as re hydration salts, band aids as well as bandages, dressings and disinfectant, water purification tablets, iodine, mosquito-repellant containing DEET, and also sun block. It is a good idea to pack your own syringes, in case of the need for treatment in rural medical centres. Condoms and tampons should also be pre-packed.
Medical precaution in Africa cannot be taken too seriously. It is not only wise but essential that medical advice is sought prior to travelling, with appropriate treatment and vaccinations taken. In addition, if you are unfortunate enough to contract an illness, you’ll have far better chance of tackling the issue if you’ve taken out comprehensive cover.
